Acid-Resistant Bacteria examination is a procedure to detect bacteria that cause tuberculosis (TB). TB bacteria can live in an acidic environment, so examination of these bacteria is known as acid resistant bacteria.
Acid-Resistant Bacteria examination is carried out by examining the presence of bacteria in various organs of the body, mainly through examination of sputum samples, considering that tuberculosis (TB) most often attacks the lungs. In addition to examining sputum samples, smear examination can also use blood, stool, urine, and bone marrow samples to see TB infection outside the lungs. This article will discuss smear examination with sputum samples. If the patient cannot expel phlegm from the respiratory tract, the patient can undergo a bronchoscopy procedure to take sputum samples.
Acid Resistant Bacteria Examination Indications
Acid Resistant Bacteria examination is performed on someone suspected of having tuberculosis (TB or TB) infection. Symptoms can be:
- Chronic cough
- Coughing up blood
- Chest pain
- Weight loss
- Night sweats
- Fever
- Shivering
- Limp
Acid Resistant Bacteria Inspection Warning
Acid Resistant Bacteria examination with direct sputum sampling does not cause dangerous side effects. Side effects that can occur are mild such as irritation of the throat causing blood spots on saliva or phlegm, and dizziness due to coughing that is too tight when taking phlegm.
Sputum removal by bronchoscopy method, although rare, risks causing:
- Allergic reaction to drugs or sleeping pills
- Irregular heartbeat
- Tension of the respiratory tract muscles
- Bleeding
- Infection
- Lung tissue tears
Acid Resistant Bacteria Examination Preparation
Patients who will undergo phlegm sampling, may not eat or drink first in the morning after waking up. After waking up, patients are required to brush their teeth before sputum sampling. Keep in mind that when brushing his teeth, patients should not use mouthwash antiseptic (mouthwash).
Acid Resistant Bacteria Check Sampling Procedure
To collect sputum samples, patients will be given a special container of sterile plastic. To expel phlegm, the patient first takes a deep breath and holds it for about five seconds. After being held, the breath is then released slowly. Repeat the steps of breathing in, then coughing violently until the phlegm rises to the mouth. Phlegm that is already in the mouth is then removed into a plastic container that has been provided and tightly closed.
Sputum collection is not only done once, but 3 times with the SPS time method (at any time in the morning). The first sputum sample is taken when the doctor asks for the sputum sample. The second phlegm is taken the next morning and the third phlegm is taken while delivering the second phlegm sample to the laboratory (lab). In addition to the SPS method, phlegm can also be taken 3 days in a row every morning.
If the patient cannot expel phlegm through this method, the patient is recommended to take phlegm through the bronchoscopy method. This method will use special tools such as a hose that is equipped with a camera and inserted through the mouth. The patient will first be given anesthetic spray and sleeping pills to be more relaxed when the bronchoscopy procedure is performed. After administering drugs and sleeping pills, the doctor will slowly insert a bronchoscopic tube until it reaches the area with phlegm. The phlegm is then aspirated using a bronchoscopic tube and collected in a special container. The tube is then pulled out and the patient can have normal activities. In some cases, the doctor will also take out respiratory tissue if needed.
Sputum samples will be analyzed by staining samples with special substances and microscope observation. This examination is the fastest and easiest to do, compared to examinations for other TB diseases, such as smear culture and genexpert.
After Acid Resistant Bacteria Examination
After the examination of acid-resistant bacteria is done in the laboratory, the doctor will deliver the results to the patient and his immediate family. If the patient is proven to have pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), the patient needs to be committed to taking TB medicine for a specified time limit, can be 6 months or more. Patient adherence to medication is needed, to prevent germ resistance to standard drugs to treat TB. Healing will be very difficult if the TB bacteria are resistant to standard drugs, and can be fatal to cause death.
Patients are encouraged to invite a family member when receiving a doctor's diagnosis. This family member will act as a supervisor taking medication (PMO), to help remind patients to take medication regularly.
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